Understanding extreme heat

New research about the summer of 2024–25 is reshaping how we think about heat risks and resilience.

As Australia faces increasingly frequent and intense heatwaves, understanding how extreme heat affects our communities has never been more important. In partnership with global experts and local organisations, Australian Red Cross is proud to share findings from the first-ever Post-Event Review Capability (PERC) study on extreme heat, focusing on the 2024–25 summer in Adelaide.

Why extreme heat matters

Extreme heat is Australia’s deadliest natural hazard, causing more fatalities than all other natural hazards combined. Its impacts are often invisible or normalised as “just summer,” but the strain on health, infrastructure, workplaces, and communities can be profound and long-lasting.

The PERC study helps us understand how a summer of extreme heat became disastrous for those at increased risk — and how we can prevent harm moving forward.

What the study found

Through extensive consultation across government, community, emergency services, academia, and industry, several key insights emerged:

Extreme heat is a growing and underestimated risk

Its effects build over time and compound across repeated hot summers.

What we normalise today becomes tomorrow’s danger

Communities “toughing it out” can mask the real and accumulating impacts of heat.

Heat resilience is a systems challenge

Heat affects people and the systems they rely on – housing, transport, workplaces, health services, power networks, and social supports.

Workplaces are at increasing risk

Many Australians work through dangerous heat conditions without adequate protections or reporting mechanisms.

Reducing heat risk is a shared responsibility

It requires coordinated effort from governments, industry, communities, and civil society.

How this work connects to the Urban Climate Resilience Program

The Adelaide PERC study complements the Urban Climate Resilience Program, delivered in partnership with Zurich Australia. Together, we’re helping cities strengthen resilience by combining community-led action with local government engagement.

Learn more and stay safe

Extreme heat affects everyone, but with the right knowledge and preparation, we can reduce risks and protect our communities.

Visit our extreme heat safety guides to learn how to stay safe, look out for loved ones, and prepare for hotter summers.

Red Cross pays our respects to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians of the country where we work, and to Elders, past, present and emerging.

Learn about our Reconciliation Action Plan and how we can all make reconciliation real.

This website may contain the images, voices or names of people who have passed away.